Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays an important role in eradicating malignant cells. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals to T cells though immune checkpoint receptors are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Exploitation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1 and CTLA-4, with monoclonal antibodies has created impressive clinical responses. Many other immune checkpoint co-inhibitors and co-stimulators exist, including the B7 superfamily and tumor necrosis factor receptors superfamily. Here, we will examine co-inhibitors and co-stimulators beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4 that are being investigated in active clinical trials. We will review the immunology and preclinical studies that support investigation of these targets. Finally, we will briefly discuss the potential for immunotherapy to be combined with other treatment modalities.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
