Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) sector is crucial for the advancement of sustainable transportation, yet it faces significant challenges that hinder its growth and efficiency. This paper delves into the complexities of EV subsystems, identifying and analyzing the main technical, economic, regulatory, and environmental challenges that constrain their development. By examining current technologies and market dynamics, the study highlights substantial opportunities for innovation in key subsystems such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls. It also explores groundbreaking advancements in battery technology, motor efficiencies, and digital integration that could propel the industry forward. Drawing on a range of case studies from leading industry players, this research proposes strategic recommendations for research and development, collaboration, policy enhancements, and market penetration tactics to support the sustained growth and evolution of EV technologies.
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