Abstract
Worker bees dissolve dry sugar, clean their queen's body, and possibly also soften or lubricate materials being chewed, with the watery secretion of their labial glands. The small amount of oil produced by these glands accumulates in them and what little is discharged adheres to the tongue hairs and is not mixed with the food; its function is obscure. The secretion of the mandibular glands is discharged by a movement of the hypopharyngeal plate. It is an aqueous emulsion with a non-aqueous phase insoluble in lipoid solvents but soluble in alcohol, glycol, etc. The function of the secretion of workers' mandibular glands is discussed; it is not used in chewing. Salivary invertase comes only from the hypopharyngeal glands.
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