Abstract
This review article describes and discusses the current knowledge on the general role of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) system and the particular role of MSR type A (MSRA) in mammals. A powerful tool to investigate the contribution of MSRA to molecular processes within a mammalian system/organism is the MSRA knockout. The deficiency of MSRA in this mouse model provides hints and evidence for this enzyme function in health and disease. Accordingly, the potential involvement of MSRA in the processes leading to neurodegenerative diseases, neurological disorders, cystic fibrosis, cancer, and hearing loss will be deliberated and evaluated.
Highlights
Environmental and cellular driven oxidative stress is manifested by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be toxic to the cell/organism, which may lead to pathological consequences and death
The MSR type A (MSRA) can be translocated into the nucleus and mitochondria through alternative mRNA splicing and/or myristoylation processes, whereas MSRB1 is a selenoprotein that can be detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm [1,4,5]
The MSRA KO mouse is more vulnerable to oxidative stress and demonstrates several molecular phenotypes that can be associated with age-associated diseases, depending on the tested organ, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [9,10,11], and Parkinson’s disease
Summary
Environmental and cellular driven oxidative stress is manifested by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be toxic to the cell/organism, which may lead to pathological consequences and death. To protect the cell from these toxic radicals, several antioxidant systems were developed within the cell and among them was the methionine sulfoxide reductase system [1] This system is much conserved in evolution and comprises two types of MSRs: MSRA and MSRB that reduce oxidized methionine (methionine sulfoxide, MetO) in the form of S-MetO or R-MetO to methionine, respectively [1]. Been identified to be can influence different cellular processes, so far, no particular pathway hasinbeen identified most affected various by a malfunctioning under basal conditions, which will result a clear disease to be most affected by a malfunctioning. Indiscussed this review, involvement of MSRA in protein therapies regulationagainst with respect to disease and aging will be asthe well as the potential. NADPH for its function, resulting in the formation of NADP+
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