The Function and Regulation Mechanism of Gene Expression of Adiponectin and Its Receptors

Abstract

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 & AdipoR2) are the major physiological receptors to mediate the actions of adiponectin in vivo. The function of adiponectin and its receptors in improving utilization of glucose and insulin sensitivity was demonstrated by gene knockout studies. Recent clinical studies also demonstrated that the expression of these genes is negatively correlated with metabolic syndrome. Injection of adiponectin protein can improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type II diabetic mice. Therefore, this adipokine has the potential in improving metabolic syndrome and obesity. There are many mechanisms involved in regulating the expression and functions of these genes, including transcription, posttranslational modification, hormonal and nutritional factors. The related new fundings should enhance development of new strategies for curing metabolic syndrome and obesity.