The Fučík spectrum of Schrödinger operator and the existence of four solutions of Schrödinger equations with jumping nonlinearities

Abstract

This paper contains the existence of four solutions of Schrödinger equations with jumping nonlinearities. The proof procedure is supported by a lot of new results. Initially, a consequence is rendered as a minimax principle on H1(RN), which allows us to achieve the feasibility verification of the (PS) condition. Furthermore, the constructions of minimal and maximal curves of Fučík spectrum in Ql (see the introduction for the definition of Ql) warrant an intensive investigation. That we encounter some thorny problems is largely due to the absence of compact embedding and the appearance of essential spectrum. Based on a nontrivial argument, we can compute critical groups of homogeneous functional at zero if (a,b) is free of Fučík spectrum and (a,b)∈Ql. This together with convexity and concavity offers a detailed description of the two curves by a series of sophisticated tricks. Additionally, we present a new version of Morse theory in view of the fact that classical version doesn't work directly for weak smooth functional on H1(RN). Finally, we prove a weak maximum principle for RN, which serves as a tool to get a critical point in positive and negative cone respectively and also compute critical groups of critical points of mountain pass type. With the help of above preparations, we attain the ultimate aim by Morse inequalities and various exact homology sequences.