Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of exfoliation syndrome in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey and to evaluate its relationship with cardiovascular and ocular diseases. Methods. Patients over the age of 45 years who presented to the clinic were included in the study. All cases underwent a comprehensive ophthalmology examination. Exfoliation syndrome was diagnosed with the presence of exfoliative material on the lens anterior capsule or iris on slit lamp examination. The patients were divided into two groups as the exfoliation syndrome group and nonexfoliation syndrome group according to the presence of exfoliative material. Results. Exfoliative material was found in one or both eyes of 212 of the 2103 patients (10.1%) evaluated within the scope of the study. A significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and increasing age and male gender. A significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and phacodonesis. While no relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and hypertension or diabetes mellitus, a significant relationship was found with coronary artery disease. Conclusion. The unilateral or bilateral exfoliation syndrome frequency was 10.1% in this hospital-based study. A statistically significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and advancing age, gender, and coronary artery disease.
Highlights
Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related generalized disease of the extracellular matrix, characterised by the production and progressive accumulation of fibrillar extracellular material in many ocular and extraocular tissues, and is often associated with glaucoma [1]
A detailed ophthalmic and systemic history of the patients was obtained and a complete ophthalmic examination was performed. This examination consisted of a visual acuity test with a Snellen chart, slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with the Goldmann applanation tonometer, gonioscopy, visual field analysis, and dilated fundus examination
A statistically significant relationship was found between XFS and advancing age in both males and females (P = 0.001, Table 2)
Summary
Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related generalized disease of the extracellular matrix, characterised by the production and progressive accumulation of fibrillar extracellular material in many ocular and extraocular tissues, and is often associated with glaucoma [1]. XFS causing an increase in trabecular outflow resistance is the most common cause of open-angle glaucoma [2]. Extracellular fibrillar material is widely present in the skin, lungs, liver, heart, gallbladder, blood vessels, and cerebral meninges [3]. XFS has been reported to be associated with systemic vascular diseases such as hypertension, angina, stroke, myocardial infarction, and abdominal aortic aneurysm [4, 5]. XFS has nonophthalmic manifestations such as hyperhomocysteinemia and sensorineural hearing loss [6,7,8,9]
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