Abstract
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica syndrome disease (NMOSD) are inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis and treatments for these two conditions are very different. Natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells are immune cells with an important role in shaping the immune response. B cells are involved in antigen presentation as well as antibody and cytokine production. There is conflicting evidence of the roles of NK, NKT, and B cells in the two conditions. We aimed to compare the frequency of CD3−CD16+CD56+NK, CD3+ CD56+ NKT, and CD5+CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood and serum Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with MS and NMOSD.MethodsCD19+CD5+ B, CD3− CD16+CD56+ NK, and CD3+CD56+ NKT cells were quantitated by flow cytometry in 15 individuals with Interferon-Beta (IFN-β) treated relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), 15 untreated RRMS, and 15 NMOSD patients as well as 30 healthy controls (HC). Serum IL-10 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe percentage of CD3−CD56+CD16+ NK cells in the peripheral blood of IFN-treated MS (1.81 ± 0.87) was significantly lower than for untreated RRMS (4.74 ± 1.80), NMOSD (4.64 ± 1.26) and HC (5.83 ± 2.19) (p < 0.0001). There were also differences for the percentage of CD3−CD16+ and CD3−CD56+ cells (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0007; respectively). IFN-treated RRMS (2.89 ± 1.51) had the lowest proportion of CD3+CD56+ among the study groups (p < 0.002). Untreated RRMS (5.56 ± 3.04) and NMOSD (5.47 ± 1.24) had higher levels of CD3+CD56+ than the HC (3.16 ± 1.98). The mean percentage of CD19+CD5+ B cells in the peripheral blood of untreated RRMS patients (1.32 ± 0.67) was higher compared to the patients with NMOSD (0.30 ± 0.20), HC (0.5 ± 0.22) and IFN-treated RRMS (0.81 ± 0.17) (p < 0.0001). Serum interleukin-10 was significantly higher in the IFN-treated RRMS (8.06 ± 5.39) and in HC (8.38 ± 2.84) compared to untreated RRMS (5.07 ± 1.44) and the patients with NMOSD (5.33 ± 2.56) (p < 0.003).ConclusionsThe lower proportion of CD3−CD56+ CD16+ NK and CD3+CD56+ cells in peripheral blood of IFN-treated RRMS compared to other groups suggests the importance of immunomodulation in patients with RRMS disorder. Based on the differences in CD19+CD5+ B cells and serum IL-10 between patients and HC, supplementary assessments could be of value in clarifying their roles in autoimmunity.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neuro-inflammatory disease affecting young people globally
The lower proportion of CD3−CD56+ CD16+ Natural killer (NK) and C D3+CD56+ cells in peripheral blood of IFNtreated RRMS compared to other groups suggests the importance of immunomodulation in patients with RRMS disorder
Based on the differences in CD19+CD5+ B cells and serum IL-10 between patients and Healthy controls (HC), supplementary assessments could be of value in clarifying their roles in autoimmunity
Summary
MS is a common neuro-inflammatory disease affecting young people globally. Of the four diagnostic types of MS, RRMS is the most prevalent accounting for 85% of MS cases. Many studies on EAE have suggested that the role of the NK cells is mediated through changes in the population of executable cells that prevent tissue damage [6, 7] This controversy is related to the function of NK cells in the onset and progression of the disease. Studies on RRMS patients have shown that the frequency of these cells is reduced in MS [9] and elevates following immunotherapy These results point to the remarkable role of these immune cells in RRMS [10, 11]. C D3+CD56+ NKT cells are innate immune cells that express different antigens including: CD3, CD56 and some chemokine receptors. We aimed to compare the frequency of C D3−CD16+CD56+NK, CD3+ CD56+ NKT, and C D5+CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood and serum Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with MS and NMOSD
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