The fractal structure of high-energy era of the universe

Abstract

This study examines the structure of the universe during its high-energy era. In this context, we examine Barrow’s proposal of entropy, which forecasts a fractal configuration for the geometric properties of the black hole’s horizon. By applying the principles of thermodynamics, we get the equation of motion using the Barrow entropic consideration. A quasi-de Sitter phase, in which fractal and non-fractal states may coexist, is determined. This is an uncertainty state (coexistence of fractal and non-fractal states), and so a deformation for de Sitter spacetime, which contains a high-energy scale in the framework of the COBE normalization. With the kinetic energy term of the inflation field, we remove this ambiguity owing to the field oscillations. However, the oscillatory behavior of the inflation field continues and causes the universe to enter a new phase state. At this point, in which the inflation field oscillations are over, we obtain a solution that provides the universe transition to the radiation and dust phases.