The Founding Pioneer Cytotechnologists: The Women Who Assisted George N. Papanicolaou, M.D., Ph.D. develop the Pap Test for Cervical Cancer Prevention.

Abstract

The earliest cytotechnologists are largely unknown. In 1943, the book "Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear" by Papanicolaou and Traut recognized several women who have largely faded from memory. While Mary Papanicolaou and Charlotte Street are familiar names, others like Alberta Kuder and Huldah Boerker, who inadvertently laid the groundwork for the field of Cytotechnology, remain obscure. There were also women like Christine Rassias and Adele Reboul who did not receive recognition. Notably, Mrs. Lady Mary G. Papanicolaou, despite her significant contributions both in the lab and at home since 1914, was not acknowledged in her husband's work until the publication of his Atlas in 1954. These women set the benchmark for future Cytotechnologists, unknowingly shaping the profession as we know it today.