Abstract
AimsTo isolate and characterise phage which could lyse P. acnes and to formulate the phage into a delivery form for potential application in topical treatment of acne infection.Methods and ResultsUsing standard phage isolation techniques, ten phage capable of lysing P. acnes were isolated from human skin microflora. Their genomes showed high homology to previously reported P. acnes phage. These phage were formulated into cetomacrogol cream aqueous at a concentration of 2.5x108 PFU per gram, and shown to lyse underlying P. acnes cells grown as lawn cultures. These phage formulations remained active for at least 90 days when stored at four degrees Celsius in a light protected container.ConclusionsP. acnes phage formulated into cetomacrogol cream aqueous will lyse surrounding and underlying P. acnes bacteria, and are effective for at least 90 days if stored appropriately.Significance and Impact of the StudyThere are few reports of phage formulation into semi solid preparations for application as phage therapy. The formulation method described here could potentially be applied topically to treat human acne infections. The potential exists for this model to be extended to other phage applied to treat other bacterial skin infections.
Highlights
Acne is a widespread, chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit, resulting in the formation of lesions on the face, neck and upper torso [1]
P. acnes phage formulated into cetomacrogol cream aqueous will lyse surrounding and underlying P. acnes bacteria, and are effective for at least 90 days if stored appropriately
Type IA P. acnes strains have been isolated frequently from human skin samples [9,10,11,12,13], and studies suggest that clade IA1 isolates are the most prominent type seen in patients with acne [9,10,11,12,13]
Summary
Chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit, resulting in the formation of lesions on the face, neck and upper torso [1]. P. acnes Phages Formulated in Cream Kill P. acnes pivotal processes contribute to its pathogenesis. These are an increased sebum production, altered maturation and migration of keratinocytes, an inflammatory response and follicular inhabitation by the native skin bacterium Propionibacterium acnes [2,3]. Common first-line treatments for mild and moderate acne are topically applied antimicrobial chemicals, oral antibiotics or retinoids [14]. These topical agents are usually tolerated well, some patients report dermal irritation, scaling or itching following their application. An important contra-indication when using these drugs is that they are teratogenic, and apart from this, they may produce other adverse reactions, which include dyslipidaemia, altered blood glucose levels, eye and skin disorders and mood disorders [15]
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