THE FORMATION OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS DEPENDS ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

Abstract

In the 2022 marketing year, grain prices in Ukraine fell due to port blockades and limited export opportunities. Almost 20% less of the planned volume of corn was exported. Export problems have significantly reduced the price of corn. The opening and continuation of the (grain) corridor stabilized export prices. Instead, the internal price of corn, which, for example, was uniform in Ukraine in 2021, had a wide range in the 2022 season. In addition, the price of seeds, plant protection products and especially mineral fertilizers have increased significantly, which in turn has caused a significant increase in production costs for cultivation, which in turn has encouraged farmers to use alternative elements in the plant nutrition system and the widespread use of biological preparations and biofertilizers different mechanism of action. This article defines the main aspects of optimization of the corn fertilization system due to the combination of soil biological fertilizer Groundfix with mineral fertilizers in the full norm and under the conditions of its reduction by 30%. The production necessity and relevance of the implementation of such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for the maximum economic efficiency of corn cultivation in view of the peculiarities of the conditions that have developed today have been proven. On the basis of the two-year research conducted, it was established that the maximum yield of corn grain in the experiment of 11,48 t/ha in the P8834 hybrid and 11,77 t/ha in the P9074 hybrid was formed on the variant of the experiment where mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of N120P60K60 (100%) and in pre-sowing cultivation, soil biological fertilizer Groundfix was applied at the rate of 6 l/ha, the yield increase compared to the control in these variants was 0,74 t/ha and 0,89 t/ha. Under the condition of reducing the rate of mineral fertilizers by 30% (N80P40K40) and applying the Groundfix biofertilizer at the rate of 6 l/ha, a fairly high level of corn grain yield was formed at the level of 10,35 t/ha in the P8834 hybrid and 10,83 t/ha in the P9074 hybrid, which has a high positive effect from an economic point of view.