THE FORMATION OF THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER RYE CROPS DEPENDS ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PREDECESSORS

Abstract

The article highlights the influence of different predecessors on the cultivation of winter rye. The expediency of cultivation is proved and the importance and features of this crop as a food and fodder crop are indicated. The role of weeds and their impact on winter rye crops is also outlined. Winter rye belongs to high-yielding cereals. Advanced farms harvest 40-50 c/ha and more of grain. The experience of these farms is highlighted in the analysis of scientific literature sources, which indicates the presence of reserves for increasing the yield of rye in Ukraine. It is grown mainly for grain, as well as for green fodder (often in mixtures with winter vetch, winter rape). Rye bread has high nutritional and taste qualities due to its high content of proteins, vitamins (A, B, E) and high energy value. Rye grain is of great importance as a concentrated feed for farm animals. Rye flour is used for feeding pigs, and bran - for cattle. In a mixture with winter vetch and winter rape, rye in spring gives the earliest green fodder for animals. It is noted that weeds are most often present in crops of field crops from the groups of rhizome perennial weeds and root-sprouting weeds. Quite often there are pink thistle (Crisium arvense L.), field bindweed (Convolulus arvensis L.), creeping wheatgrass (Elytriga repens L.), horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), creeping bitterweed (Acroptilon repens L.) and others. Among the most aggressive species are representatives of winter and biennial dicotyledonous wintering weeds. The most commonly found in winter rye crops are the following representatives: wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), wild violet (Viola arvensis.), odorless chamomile (Matricaria perforate), wild poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.), common bindweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L. ), clinging feverfew (Galium aparine.), field axes (Consolida regalis S.), Sophia's curlyleaf (Descurainia sophia L.), medium starwort (Stellaria media), white pupal (Melandrium album), Sophia's descurainia (Descurainia Sophia), field thalassa (Thlaspi arvense). It was found that the correct selection of the predecessor for the cereal crop of winter rye will be able to satisfy high grain productivity, which will allow maintaining the agrophytocenosis in proper condition in relation to the negative impact of weed infestation and will help to reduce the overall number and species composition of segetal vegetation in winter rye crops.