THE FORMATION OF SOYBEAN PHYTOCENOSIS AND SEEDS QUALITY DEPENDING ON THE INTENSIFICATION FACTORS

Abstract

The scale of soybeans cultivation in the world agriculture it takes a leading place among crops due to its valuable biological and economic properties. Soybeans are ahead of all other crops in terms of acreage growth. Today, the varietal spectrum has grown enormously and the gross grain yield of soybeans has increased. However, the realization of the genetic potential of modern varieties remains rather low and the average yield in Ukraine is 1,2-1,9 t/ha. First of all, maintaining and improving the quality of soybean seed is an important task, along with increasing yields. Vegetation of plants in the period of growth and development and their productivity depend in a certain way on the quality of the seed material, namely: germination, purity, sanitary condition, etc. The scientifically sound fertilizer application system combines basic and row fertilizers and fertilization of cultivated plants during the growing season. Foliar nutrition is called leaf uptake and absorption by the plant of nutrients, amino acids and growth regulators that the root system does not supply enough. The essence of such nutrition is that readily available nutrients of fertilizers enter the vegetative organs of the plants, quickly penetrate the protective wax barrier - cuticle, epidermis - and enter the cells of the plant. The permeability of epidermal cells of the multilayered cuticle depends on the concentration of the nutrient solution, the phase of growth and development, the area and nature of the cover of the leaf blade, climatic conditions, the time of feeding, the shape of the nutrient and other factors. The results of studying the influence of foliar fertilizers on the formation of soybean varieties phytocoenosis productivity and their influence on the qualitative indicators of seeds have been covered. The positive role of the foliar fertilizers action in the formation of individual productivity indicators of soybean plants was found. Foliar feeding is a measure of timely provision of balanced, composition and concentration of nutrients in ionic form – the most accessible for absorption by the leaf surface. Thus, the positive role of foliar fertilizers and varietal features of soybean in the formation of yield indicators was established. Thus, the two-time use of the Vuxal Microplant microfertilizer in the budding and green bean phases in the cultivation of Kent soybean variety allows obtaining positive indicators of the chemical composition of the seeds.