Abstract
The fullerite C60 modified by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 0.1 GPa in argon near and beyond its thermal stability region (920–1270 K temperature interval) was studied by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, ultra soft X-ray photoelectron and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. It was found that the C60 molecules merge into closed nanocapsules with a graphene surface during the thermal treatment. The conducted studies showed that using HIP treatment of the fullerite C60, it is possible to obtain a chemically resistant material with a high hardness and elasticity, as well as a density lower than that of the graphite. This new material, consisting of closed graphene nanocapsules 2–5 nm in size, formed by sp2 covalent bonds between carbon atoms is promising for various applications, and as a basis for the synthesis of new composite materials.
Highlights
For the first time, comprehensive studies of the fullerite C60 modified by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were carried out using a complementary set of methods that are informative at the nano and micro levels of the structure of matter
The study showed that changes in X-ray diffraction patterns, C 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and Raman spectra appear simultaneously due to structural changes in the fullerite C60 with increasing temperature during HIP treatment
The fullerite C60 sample preparing process consisted of grinding in a mortar with hexane for 20 min and subsequent pressing into tablets with the 20 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness
Summary
For the first time, comprehensive studies of the fullerite C60 modified by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were carried out using a complementary set of methods that are informative at the nano and micro levels of the structure of matter. There are no data on XPS and NEXAFS studies of HIP-treated fullerene C60 This does not allow the objective characterization of the process of the fullerite modification and reliably determines the atomic chemical composition and structure of the final product. Are effective experimental methods that allow us to directly obtain detailed information about the nanoscale atomic-electron structure of the polyatomic system under study. Their combination with traditional Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) provides new reliable knowledge about the atomic and electronic structure of nanostructured carbon materials [29,30]. The study showed that changes in X-ray diffraction patterns, C 1s NEXAFS and Raman spectra appear simultaneously due to structural changes in the fullerite C60 with increasing temperature during HIP treatment
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