Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study on the formation of colostral immunity and the determination of its duration during the first months of life of calves according to the indications of the level of total IgG and antigen-specific antibodies to pathogens of рarainfluenza 3, respiratory syncytial infection and viral diarrhea of cattle. It has been established that blood serum of newborn calves does not contain antigen-specific immunoglobulins of class G to pathogens of viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3, and the level of total IgG is 2.2 ± 0.61 g/dm3. The concentration of total IgG is increased to 50.50 ± 6.33 g/dm3, and decreases to 27.25 ± 5.82 g/dm3 for 28 days, which contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive state at the 7th day of a calf life. Starting from 35th day, there is an increase in the concentration of total IgG due to seroconverting of its own antibodies by the body of calves. Immunization of cows-mothers against viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3 contributes to the formation of antigen-specific colostral immunity in calves in the first days of life, which is preserved in diagnostic titers during 63 days after birth.
Highlights
The first hours of life in newborn calves are one of the critical periods of early postnatal ontogenesis, since their immune system is adapting to surrounding antigens (Atkinson et al, 2017)
This is due to the selective absorption of antibodies through the intestine, which provides a high level of immunoglobulins in the blood of newborns
Investigation of the level of non-specific IgG in blood serum of calves during the first 91 days of life allows monitoring the effectiveness of colostral immunity formation and evaluating its duration, which is essential in the analysis of the results of the study of colostral immunity by specific immunoglobulins
Summary
The first hours of life in newborn calves are one of the critical periods of early postnatal ontogenesis, since their immune system is adapting to surrounding antigens (Atkinson et al, 2017). Due to the biological characteristics of the cow placenta, newborn calves do not have specific immunoglobulins that would provide immunological protection. For this reason, the transfer of immunoglobulins from mother to newborn during the first hours of life that occurs only with colostrum in the first hours after birth is vital for calves (Rüdiger et al, 2011; Conneely et al, 2013). After the use of colostrum, colostar immunoglobulins appear in the peripheral blood of newborns after 2 hours This is due to the selective absorption of antibodies through the intestine, which provides a high level of immunoglobulins in the blood of newborns. That is why the level of colostral immunity in the blood of calves, which is represented by maternal antibodies, depends on the concentration of IgG in the blood, and, their colostrum
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