Abstract
The discovery of quasars is one of the four great discoveries of astronomy in 1960s. Although the discovery of quasars is very interesting, but it has also brought some difficult problems for human being: are quasars stars or galaxies? Why the luminosity of the most powerful quasars is thousands of times greater than the luminosity of a large galaxy such as the Milky Way whose size is larger than the quasars by millions of times? Why the observed quasars are distant objects? If the redshift of a quasar is cosmic redshift? These problems have long plagued the people in suspense. Fortunately, the author of this paper, through studying the formation and orbit-variation of satellites, planets and stars, has put forward a new theory of galactic structure, therefore revealing the hierarchical structure of galaxies and the existence and characteristics of black holes as the main nodes of galactic structure, especially revealing the formation and essence of quasars and solving all the problems mentioned above. The author found that quasar is essentially a supermassive black hole covered by an extreme thick and dense atmosphere. When such a black hole revolves around its progenitor and whirls on its axis fast, lots of cloud clumps would bump each other to cause immense electricity and thunder, forming strong radio source and high luminosity. The mass of the ancestral quasar billions of light years away from the earth is about 1000 times the total mass of the entire Milky Way galaxy, so its energy output would be 1000 times more than the energy released by the entire Milky Way galaxy. Since a quasar revolves around its progenitor and whirls on its axis fast, therefore the redshift of a quasar is indeed cosmic redshift.
Highlights
In the 1950s, the application of radar technology in astronomical observation promoted the development of radio astronomy, and a series of important results have been obtained since
In 1960, American astronomer Allan Sandage discovered a radio source (3C48) by using optical telescope, its corresponding optical object is a star like object with a very dark nebula around it, and its star spectrum containing many unknown broad emission lines
In 1963, American Holland astronomer Schmidt filmed the optical spectrum of the star like objects, he found that this spectrum was similar with the spectrum of 3C48 and had the same strange emission lines
Summary
In the 1950s, the application of radar technology in astronomical observation promoted the development of radio astronomy, and a series of important results have been obtained since Among these results, the discovery of quasars is surprising. This discovery showed that 3C 273 was receding at a rate of 47,000 km/s This discovery revolutionized quasar observation and allowed other astronomers to find redshifts from the emission lines from other radio sources. The author of this paper, through studying the formation and orbit-variation of satellites, planets and stars, has put forward a new theory of galactic structure, revealing the hierarchical structure of galaxies and the existence and characteristics of black holes as the main nodes of galactic structure This new theory can be used to reveal the formation and essence of quasars, and solve all the problems mentioned above
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