Abstract
대통사는 527년 백제 웅진기 공주지역에 창건되었다. 일제강점기 가루베 지온에 의해 ‘대통’명 인각와가 수습된 이후 대통사(지)는 현재 백제사의 중요한 논쟁 대상이 되고 있다. 하지만 최근까지 대통사를 입증할만한 유구는 확인되지 않았다. 2018년 공주시 반죽동 197-4번지 유적에서는 ‘대통’명으로 볼 수 있는 인각와를 비롯해 수막새와 암막새, 소조상, 치미, 토기 등 다양한 백제시기의 유물이 출토되었다. 특히 내림마루나 추녀마루에 사용된 것으로 보이는 완형의 마루수막새도 한 점 수습되었다. 수막새는 화판의 판단부에 따라 크게 7가지 형식으로 분류되었다. 이 중 창건와로는 판단원형돌기식을 비롯한 판단융기식, 판단돌기식, 판단첨형식, 돌대식 등이 추정되었다. 창건 수막새의 문양은 연화문이 주류를 이루었고, 일부 판단융기식, 판단첨형식, 돌대식 등은 그 동안 한성기~사비기 등의 백제유적에서 검출된 바 없는 초출 자료로 파악되고 있다. 수막새의 문양 계통은 대부분 남조에 있었음을 알 수 있고, 이는 사찰 창건과 관련하여 남조 장인의 백제 파견과 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 장인 파견은 비조사 창건과 관련하여 백제의 장인이 일본에 파견된 사실과 크게 다르지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 대통사지의 탐색 작업은 지금도 계속적으로 진행되고 있다. 다량의 유물이 출토되었음에도 불구하고 아직까지 대통사지의 흔적은 확인되지 않았다. 하지만 이의 형적이 드러날 날도 머지않았을 것으로 생각된다.Daetongsa Temple was founded in 527 in the Gongju area of the period of the Woongjin of Baekje. Since the recognition of ‘Daetong’ and ‘roof tile with stamped letter’ were settled by the Garobe Zion during the Japanese colonial period, Daetongsa(temple site) is now an important subject of debate of Baekje history. Until recently, however, no remains have been identified to prove the Daetongsa. In 2108, the remains from various Baekje periods, such as the roof tile with stamped letter, which can be considered as ‘Daetong’, the Roof-end tile, concave roof-end tile with finger-tip design, clay statues, ridge-end tile, and earthenware, etc. were excavated at the site of 197-4, Banjuk-dong, Gongju City. In particular, a ridge-end tile, which seems to have been used for a gable ridge or hip, was also recovered. The roof-end tile was classified into 7 types according to the appearance of the petal end. Among them, the roof tiles at the time of foundation were estimated to include the Pandanwonhyungdolgi type(petal-tip round form), Pandanyunggi type(the form in which the petal end rises), Pandandolgi type(a form with a protrusion at the end of a petal), Pandancheomhyung type(petal pointed form) and Doldae type(the form with a line in the middle of the petal). The pattern of the Roof-end tile in the founding was mainly composed of lotus pattern, and Some Pandanyunggi type, Pandancheomhyung type, and Doldae type, etc can be understood as the first data that has not been excavated from Baekje remains such as Hansung period and Sabi period. The pattern system of the roof-end tile was mostly in Namjo, China, and it is thought that this is closely related to the dispatch of the Namjo craftsman to Baekje in relation to the establishment of the temple. It is judged that the dispatch of these craftsmen is not much different from the fact that Baekje craftsmen were dispatched to Japan in relation to the establishment of Askadera in Japan. The search for Daetongsa Temple site is still ongoing. Despite the large quantity of relics being excavated, no traces of Daetonsa Temple site have been identified. However, it is thought that it will not be long before its trace is revealed.
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