“The Forest Has Become Our New Living Room” – The Critical Importance of Urban Forests During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hannes Weinbrenner,Jasmin Breithut,Wiebke Hebermehl,Kristina Wirth,Anna Kaufmann,Therese Palm,Tabea Klinger

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.672909

Hannes Weinbrenner, Jasmin Breithut + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.672909

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Abstract

Out of nowhere the COVID-19 pandemic has turned people’s everyday lives upside down. Public places in urban areas were closed. However, leaving the house for recreational and leisure purposes in nature was still allowed in Germany – even during lockdown in March and April of 2020. As a result, urban forests have gained unprecedented importance – not only for recreational activities, but also for maintaining social contacts and coping with psychological stress. With these diverse requirements, many people have appropriated urban forests in new and changed ways. Using the example of the forests around the southern German city of Freiburg, a team of researchers from the Department of Societal Change at the Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg (FVA) carried out a mixed-method study to investigate how these appropriation practices are working and to shed some light on the relevance of forests for city residents in these circumstances. In addition to the statistical analysis of an online questionnaire, ethnographic observation data and Instagram posts were analyzed. This methodological triangulation was carried out in order to purposefully combine the strengths of each method while at the same time reducing the intrinsic biases and blind spots. This resulted in a better understanding of the importance of urban forest during this extraordinary period of time. Our results show that urban forests became critically important during the lockdown. Many visitors appropriated the forest with very different motives and for different purposes. For many visitors, the forest provided the same functions during this extraordinary period that public spaces otherwise do. The forest was not only consumed as a natural space, but also constructed by visitors as a social space. We can illustrate how this social meaning was both negotiated and reproduced. To provide an abstraction of our results, we refer to the theory of spatial appropriation as well as to new approaches in sociology of space that conceptualize space as a network of social relations. These results give rise to broader questions for future research projects, recreational forest research, forest and health, and forest planning.

Highlights

The COVID-19 pandemic and the correspondent policy measures to reduce the transmission of the virus have turned people’s everyday lives upside down
We discuss the importance of urban forests during the COVID19 pandemic by first presenting insights into the statistical data
After public life was significantly curtailed from mid-March 2020, a large proportion of participants went to the forest more often

Summary

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic and the correspondent policy measures to reduce the transmission of the virus have turned people’s everyday lives upside down. People living in densely populated cities were restricted in their freedom of movement and their recreational or leisure activities (Musselwhite et al, 2020). The scope of these restrictions was quite different between countries and even regions (DW, 2020; Ugolini et al, 2020) but caused psychological stress for many people affected by them (Donovan and Blazer, 2020; Wilder-Smith and Freedman, 2020). In Germany, people were still allowed to roam freely in green spaces like forests for recreational and leisure purposes while adhering to social distancing advisories. In many countries, where the use of green spaces was not forbidden, an increase in the use of such areas could be observed during the COVID-19 induced lockdown (e.g., Derks et al, 2020; Geng et al, 2020; Grima et al, 2020; Ugolini et al, 2020; Venter et al, 2020)

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