Abstract
The behaviour of a capsule lifted off the pipe bottom at sufficient velocity has been discussed in past studies, especially for a hydraulic capsule flow in an eccentric position, as the so-called lift-off phenomenon, but very little information valuable for the design has been found. In the present study, the authors investigate it in detail from a different viewpoint and account for the lift-off mechanism with a reasonable approach. Then on the basis of the experiments for the circumferential pressure distribution around an eccentric stationary capsule, the lift-off velocity required to cause lift-off, which is common to hydraulic and pneumatic capsules, is estimated analytically in terms of the Froude number and confirmed during the experiments of lift-off. As a consequence, a relevant range of the practical transport velocity is suggested in consideration of a transitional region to a lift-off state.
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