The flavonoid chrysin protects against zearalenone induced reproductive toxicity in male mice

Abstract

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) has strong estrogenic effects and elicits reproductive toxicity. Chrysin is a natural flavonoid found in many plant and has a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of chrysin against ZEA toxicity. Mice received chrysin (5 or 20 mg/kg; i.g.) for ten days, and then received a single injection of ZEA (40 mg/kg). Two days thereafter, blood and testes were collected. ZEA decreased number and motility of sperm, plasma testosterone levels, enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzimatic defenses (reduced glutathione). Moreover, ZEA increased 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels, myeloperoxidase activity and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins-1β and 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha). ZEA also decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and increased activity of caspases 3 and 9. Chrysin treatment increased the number and motility of sperm, testosterone levels, restored antioxidant defenses and reduced the inflammation and apoptosis process. In summary, chrysin attenuated the toxic effects caused by ZEA in blood and testes of mice, suggesting a potential preventive treatment against the deleterious effects of ZEA.