Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe medical applications of each first-row transition metal including nutritional, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic applications. The 10 first-row transition metals in particular are found to have many applications since there five essential elements among them. We summarize the aqueous chemistry of each element to illustrate that these fundamental properties are linked to medical applications and will dictate some of nature’s solutions to the needs of cells. The five essential trace elements—iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and cobalt—represent four redox active elements and one redox inactive element. Since electron transfer is a critical process that must happen for life, it is therefore not surprising that four of the essential trace elements are involved in such processes, whereas the one non-redox active element is found to have important roles as a secondary messenger.. Perhaps surprising is the fact that scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and nickel have many applications, covering the entire range of benefits including controlling pathogen growth, pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications, including benefits such as nutritional additives and hardware production of key medical devices. Some patterns emerge in the summary of biological function andmedical roles that can be attributed to small differences in the first-row transition metals.
Highlights
Cations are counter ions in biology and critical for maintaining charge balance
Because bodily fluids are responsible for the distribution of nutrients and drugs, it is important to know the form that the first-row transition metal ions exist in solution
For some of the elements, the potential for essentiality debated in the literature, but these available compared to the essential elements such as Fe,isCu, and Zinc with (Zn) which have numerous issues are complex because trace elements such as are often administered as an impurity with other applications
Summary
Cations are counter ions in biology and critical for maintaining charge balance. Proteins, DNA, and RNA contain charged residues where counter ions are important to the specific three-dimensional structure and function of each [1]. We summarize the medicinal properties of the first-row transition metals and include a comparison of the different metal ions and their speciation. To summarize the applications of the first-row transition metals, a medicinal periodic table of the elements is presented (Figure 1). We have generated a periodic table of medicines shown, of which nutritional, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic applications as well as roles in medicinal hardware of first-row transition metals are a small part. The images shown in the periodic table of medicines (Figure 1) demonstrate the versatile uses of the first-row transition metals but illustrate the fact that most elements of the periodic table have some direct medicinal use. The rest of the elements make up 4% and that includes all the first-row transition metal ions as well as the rest of the periodic table. Information on each first-row transition element and their activities and applications in biological systems and medicine
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
