The First Thermophilic α-Oxoamine Synthase Family Enzyme That Has Activities of 2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA Ligase and 7-Keto-8-aminopelargonic Acid Synthase: Cloning and Overexpression of the Gene from an Extreme Thermophile,Thermus thermophilus, and Characterization of Its Gene Product

Abstract

The first thermophilic alpha-oxoamine synthase family enzyme was identified. The gene (ORF TTHA1582), which is annotated to code putative alpha-oxoamine synthase family enzymes, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthase (BioF, 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase, EC 2.3.1.47) and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase (KBL, EC 2.3.1.29), in a genomic database, was cloned from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant TTHA1582 protein was purified and characterized. It exhibited activity of BioF, which catalyzes the condensation of pimeloyl-CoA and L-alanine to produce a biotin intermediate KAPA, CoASH, and CO(2) with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. The protein is a dimer with a subunit of 43 kDa that shows an amino acid sequence identity of 35% with E. coli BioF. The optimum temperature and pH were about 70 degrees C and about 6.0. The enzyme showed high thermostability at temperatures of up to 70 degrees C for 1 h, and a half-life of 1 h at 80 degrees C. Thus the TTHA1582 protein was found to have the highest optimum temperature and thermostablility of the alpha-oxoamine synthase family enzymes so far reported. Substrate specificity experiments revealed that it was also able to catalyze the KBL reaction, which used acetyl-CoA and glycine as substrates, and that enzyme activity was seen with the following combinations of substrates: acetyl-CoA and glycine, L-alanine, or L-serine; pimeloyl-CoA and L-alanine, glycine, or L-serine; palmitoyl-CoA and L-alanine. This suggests that the recombinant TTHA1582 protein has broad substrate specificity, unlike the reported mesophilic enzymes of the alpha-oxoamine synthase family.