The First Reported Case of COVID-19 Myocarditis Managed with Biventricular Impella Support

Abstract

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, is a pandemic that has taken the world by storm. We present the only contemporary reported case of COVID-19 myocarditis leading to recovery with utilization of biventricular impella for temporary mechanical circulatory support. No cases have been reported regarding utilization of Bi-V impella as therapy for management of SARS-CoV-2..Case ReportWe present a 35 year old-woman with history of systemic sclerosis who was found to have 5 days of generalized malaise associated with fevers and cough. On arrival she was found tachycardic at 112 bpm and febrile 101.8 F. She tested positive for COVID-19 via nasal CPR. Cardiac enzymes were found elevated on admission with troponin T elevated at 0.28. On day two of hospitalization patient had spontaneous PEA arrest secondary to hypoxemia. Transthoracic echocardiogram(TTE) revealed EF <10% and RV impairment which compare to prior which had normal ejection fraction. Labs showed elevated lactic acidosis of 10. Invasive hemodynamics assessment RA 21 mmHg, PA 32/23(mean 26 mmHg) and PCWP 18 mmHg. Calculated PAPi 0.76, CO 2.1 L/min and CI of 1.2 L/min/m^2. Decision was made to place right and left sided ventricular impellas for mechanical circulatory support. She was started on IVIG for COVID-19 myocarditis along with remdesivir and solumedrol. After two weeks of continuous temporary mechanical circulatory support(TMCS), patient hemodynamics improved and she was able to be weaned from her need for TMCS. Repeat echocardiogram demonstrated recovery and remodeling with an LVEF of 60% and no significant valvular disease. She was discharge home at day 23 with no neurological deficit.SummaryThe use of biventricular continuous microaxial flow devices during acute COVID-19 myocarditis is key to allow ventricular rest and optimal offloading without the increased risk of surgically placed TMCS such as Centrimag or VA or VV ECMO. With recent emergency use by the FDA, its wide adaptation remains sparse. Our case demonstrates a unique approach to management of COVID-19 myocarditis. It is the only reported case in the literature utilizing biventricular Impella devices for circulatory support without the concurrent use of ECMO. Due to the success in this patient, this promising approach warrants continued investigation in the management of COVID myocarditis and cardiogenic shock.