The first record of gravid spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) in the northern Mediterranean Sea, with description of near-term foetuses.

Abstract

This paper describes the first record of the critically endangered gravid female spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758), in the northern Mediterranean and simultaneously the only record of the species in this century for the Adriatic Sea. The female (173 cm disc width and 43.25 kg total weight) was captured at c. 200 m, off Vlorë in the southern Adriatic Sea off Albania on 12 May 2022. Upon necropsy, seven near-term foetuses (mean 328 ± 6.47 mm disc width and mean 355 ± 20.06 g in total weight) were transported for further in-vitro incubation. These results represent the deepest capture for the species, as well as the largest litter size and largest size at birth in the Mediterranean Sea, which indicates the need for further research.