Abstract
The aim of this study is to confirm the presence and molecular identification of Echinococcus tapeworms in wolves from south-eastern Poland. An investigation was carried out on the intestines of 13 wolves from south-eastern Poland. The small intestines were divided into three equal segments. Each segment was separately examined using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). The detected Echinococcus tapeworms were isolated and identified by PCRs and sequencing (nad1 and cox1 genes). Additionally, DNA isolated from the feces of wolves positive for Echinococcus tapeworms was examined with two diagnostic PCRs. The intestines of one wolf were positive for E. granulosus s.l. when assessed by SCT; the intestine was from a six-year-old male wolf killed in a communication accident. We detected 61 adult tapeworms: 42 in the anterior, 14 in the middle, and 5 in the posterior parts of the small intestine. The PCRs conducted for cox1 and nad1 produced specific products. A sequence comparison with the GenBank database showed similarity to the deposited E. ortleppi (G5) sequences. An analysis of the available phylogenetic sequences showed very little variation within the species of E. ortleppi (G5), and identity ranged from 99.10% to 100.00% in the case of cox1 and from 99.04% to 100.00% in the case of nad1. One of the two diagnostic PCRs used and performed on the feces of Echinococcus-positive animals showed product specific for E. granulosus. This study showed the presence of adult E. ortleppi tapeworms in wolves for the first time.
Highlights
The genus Echinococcus consists of several species of tapeworms of zoonotic importance
Using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) method, the intestine of one wolf was found to be positive for E. granulosus s.l
An phylogenetic analysis of the available sequences showed very little variation within the species of E. ortleppi (G5); the identity ranged from 99.10% to 100.00% in the case of cox1 and from 99.04% to 100.00% in the case of nad1
Summary
The genus Echinococcus consists of several species of tapeworms of zoonotic importance. The genus includes, among others, Echinococcus multilocularis, which occurs in the northern hemisphere, where the red fox is the most common final host and rodents are the most common intermediate hosts. The genus Echinococcus includes tapeworms grouped in the complex E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). This group of parasites includes several species divided by genotype: E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (G1, G3), E. equinus (G4), E. ortleppi (G5), E. canadensis (G6–G8, G10), and E. felidis. In the domestic life cycle, the typical final host is the dog, and the intermediate hosts are domestic ungulates. In the sylvatic life cycle, wild canids, mainly wolves, are the most common final hosts (except E. felidis) and wild ungulates are the typical intermediate hosts [1,3]
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