The first dental visit of a 3-year-old child. Reasons and socioeconomic determinants

Abstract

Introduction. Early childhood caries affects 41.1% of Polish 3-year-olds. If left untreated, it can affect overall health, cause local infections, and reduce quality of life. Objective. To evaluate the first dental visits of children in the first three years of life in the Warsaw agglomeration. Material and methods. A questionnaire survey of parents/legal guardians of children aged 12 to 36 months, living in the Warsaw agglomeration was conducted. The questionnaire included questions about socioeconomic factors (level of education and age of both parents, number of children in the family, economic level of the family) and the child's first dental visit (age and reason for visiting). Statistical analysis was performed on data obtained from correctly completed questionnaires (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to assess the relationships between selected variables and using the chi-square test to compare the percentages, p <0.05). Results. 496 out of 827 returned questionnaires were included in the analysis. The mean age of the children was 24.16 ± 6.92 months. 249 (50.2%) children visited the dentist. The most common reasons for the first visit were: dental check-up (47.4%), tooth trauma (19.7%) and the presence of carious lesions (13.3%). The first visits due to trauma were usually reported by children aged 12-18 months. Only 57 (11.5%) children visited the dentist in the first year of life. Among them, the most frequent reason for the visit was check-up (34; 6.9% of the entire study group). There was an increasing frequency of the first dental visit with the age of the child, as well as a negative correlation between the level of education of parents and the visit caused by toothache, abscess or the presence of carious lesions. Tooth decay as a reason of first dental visit was also associated with the lower age of the mother. Conclusions. The recommendation to schedule the first dental visit in the first year of a child's life is not satisfactorily implemented in Poland. It is necessary to disseminate recommendations among the medical personnel providing pediatric and dental care.