Abstract

近年来发现了数种永久性新生儿糖尿病(PNDM)的致病基因,阐明了该病的发病机制.例如,PNDM的两种类型分别与KCNJ11和ABCC8两个基因有关,它们分别编码β细胞ATP敏感性钾通道的两个亚基:Kir6.2和SUR1.大多数突变系首次报道.这些发现使大多数携带KCNJ11和ABCC8突变的患者成功地停用胰岛素而改为磺脲类药物治疗.血糖和HbA1C测定表明,改用磺脲类后血糖控制改善,且至少可维持数年.有意义的是,尽管HbA1C大幅下降,但没有发生严重低血糖,数例Kir6.2 PNDM患者的持续血糖监测(CGMS)记录显示其血糖水平均在正常范围内.PNDM患者为控制血糖所需的的磺脲类剂量通常高于2型糖尿病患者的正常用量.从婴幼儿到50~60岁,各种不同年龄的患者都开始用口服降糖药治疗;但与成年人相比,磺脲类对儿童和青少年患者的疗效更好。

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