The First Bacterial Endocarditis Due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a Dog.

Verena Steiner,Mato Markovic,Franz Allerberger,Nicole Luckschander-Zeller,Joachim Spergser,Michael P Szostak,Werner Ruppitsch,Alejandra Carranza Valencia,Frank Künzel,Adriana Cabal Rosel,Igor Loncaric

doi:10.3390/pathogens10121580

Verena Steiner, Mato Markovic + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121580

Copy DOI

Abstract

Infectious endocarditis (IE) in dogs is often associated with a high mortality rate as diagnostic work-up as well as antibiotic treatment might be challenging. The present case describes bacteremia in a dog caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans, leading to an infectious endocarditis. Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, which has been associated with multiple nosocomial opportunistic diseases in human medicine. One such manifestation of A. xylosoxidans infection is endocarditis. A. xylosoxidans infections are challenging to treat due to the reduced effectiveness of a wide range of antimicrobial agents. To date, only a few case reports of infections with A. xylosoxidans in animals have been described. This is the first case report of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis in a dog. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to determine the sequencing type and to gain more information about this bacterium regarding its intrinsic resistance genes. With this case report, we seek to increase awareness of A. xylosoxidans as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen in dogs and to provide a short summary regarding the current state of general knowledge and known resistance patterns.

Highlights

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, first isolated in 1971 from the ear discharge of a human patient [1]
The efflux pump AxyXY-OprZ was associated with higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of aminoglycosides, cefepime, carbapenems, some fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and erythromycin, while the class D β-lactamase OXA-114 showed efficient hydrolysis of piperacillin and, to a lesser extent, ticarcillin [29]
Due to its known effectiveness against A. xylosoxidans infections in humans and its superior bactericidal activity compared to cephalosporins [11,33], meropenem was chosen for the antibiotic treatment in the present case

Summary

Introduction

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, first isolated in 1971 from the ear discharge of a human patient [1]. Only a few case reports of infections with A. xylosoxidans in animals have been described [6,7,8,9] This is the first case report of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis in a dog, to the best of our knowledge. This manuscript introduces A. xylosoxidans as a possible opportunistic nosocomial pathogen in dogs suffering from infectious endocarditis in veterinary medicine. We give a short overview of A. xylosoxidans in general and its known resistance pattern. This manuscript discusses the important questions of possible infection routes and the risk of zoo–anthropogenic transmission

Case Description

Findings

Discussion

Conclusions