The first application of intraoperative mri for analysis of cerebral perfusion in surgical brain revascularization

Abstract

Effectiveness of surgical revascularization in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia depends on restoration of circulation in the damaged artery. Modern methods do not take into account dynamic changes in cerebral perfusion after extra-intracranial microvascular anastomosis (EICMA) and do not allow timely localizing the areas of persistent perfusion deficit. We propose a new method for determining the tactics of surgical cerebral revascularization based on intraoperative MRI (iMRI) perfusion data. This method provides the earliest information on intraoperative brain reperfusion. To develop the principles of dynamic assessment of cerebral blood flow using intraoperative ASL perfusion during surgical revascularization in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and to determine the indications for additional anastomoses. Surgical revascularization with intraoperative MRI perfusion was performed in 27 patients between March 2022 and April 2023. There were 10 patients with post-thrombotic occlusion of internal carotid artery, 4 patients with occlusion of middle cerebral artery and 13 patients with moyamoya disease. All patients underwent MRI before surgery. After imposing the first EICMA, all patients underwent ASL perfusion for analysis of residual hypoperfusion zones, signs of local hyperperfusion and indications or contraindications for additional revascularization with the second donor branch. In all cases, iMRI made it possible to determine the tactics of brain revascularization using one or two EICMA. In 17 cases, ASL perfusion confirmed the targeted improvement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the entire hemisphere or middle cerebral artery basin. Only one EICMA was imposed in these cases. In 10 cases, a single anastomosis was insufficient for restoration of blood flow. These patients underwent additional revascularization with the second donor branch (35.7%). In all cases, we achieved significant quantitative improvement in CBF and volume of brain tissue with restored blood flow (ASPECTS scale). A single EICMA was followed by increase in CBF and areas of restored blood flow by almost 2 times (22.7±9.6 ml/100 g/min and 4.7±1.8 scores (ASPECTS) before surgery vs. 39.4±16.4 ml/100 g/min and 4.7±1.8 scores after EICMA). In the double EICMA group, these parameters increased by almost 3 times (18±3.1 ml/100 g/min and 3.8±0.9 scores before surgery vs. 57±11.4 ml/100 g/min and 7.7±1.5 scores after double EICMA). All patients had no complications. Neurological status improved immediately after surgery in 9 patients (33.3%), stable postoperative period was observed in 12 cases (44.4%). Six (22.2%) patients had transient neurological deficit associated with hyperperfusion syndrome that regressed within a few days after surgery. There were no persistent ischemic complications. Intraoperative ASL perfusion is an effective and informative tool for determining the degree of restoration of blood flow. We can timely adjust surgical strategy, determine the indications or contraindications for additional revascularization and exclude early ischemic complications using this method.