The first 100 years of “voiceprinting.”

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“Voiceprinting,” appropriately defined, is the sound-spectro-graphic technology aspect of speech and voice individuation. A speechsound spectrogram is at once a voicesound spectrogram, since voice is the biophysical instrument of speech. Speaker individuation, known widely today as voice identification, has been with us throughout history. Technological implications of speech/voice idiosyncrasy have been sighted, and/or explored instrumentally, for at least 100 years. Here listed is a partially annotated chronology of authors and publication dates significant for this author's 30-yr commitment to the development of an instrumental speaker-individuation technology: Alexander Melville Bell (Visible Speech: The Science of … Physiological Letters, etc.): 1867; Galton (“fingerprinting”): 1892 (cf. Neumueller GREW—1684); Scripture!: 1902 (653 pp.); Liddell! (The Physical Characteristics of Speech Sound): 1924–1925–1927; Paget: 1930; Scripture (“vowel track analysis”): 1933; Lacerda: 1932–1934; Steinberg!: 1934; Liddell: 1940; Gray/Kopp! (“Voice Print Identification,” 41 pp., explicit): 1944; Potter: 1945–1946; Steinberg/French!: 1946; Koenig/Dunn/Lacy: 1946; Kopp/Green!: 1946; Potter/Kopp/Green!: 1947; Joos! (Acoustic Phonetics): 1948; Truby: 1957-1959!-1960 (“cryprinting”); Fant: 1960; Cummins/Midlo (“Dermatoglyphics”): 1961; Truby: 1962; Kersta (“Voiceprint Identification”): 1962; Garvin/Ladefoged (“Speaker Identification … Speaker Recognition”): 1963 (variously: 1950–1970: Peterson, Stevens, Flanagan, Fant, Lehiste, Truby); Tosi et al.: 1971; Smrkovski: 1974; plus the continuing, practical, day-by-day, field-laboratory investigations of Hall, Smrkovski, Chiari, Richardson, Tosi, Truby, and other Certified Voice Identification Examiners: esp., 1972–1977. And whom, after all, does the relevant “scientific community” comprise … in controversial “Voiceprint” affairs? [Supported by International Association of Voice Identification.]