Abstract
Micronutrients provide the essential building blocks for brain development, healthy growth and a strong immune system in children. Malnutrition in form of micronutrient deficiencies develop gradually over time and their negative effects are not seen until irreversible damage may have occurred. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports the 2016 Global Nutrition Report (GNR), emphasizing the enormous importance of investing in the critical first 1,000 days nutritional requirement as it directly affects the attainment of 12 out of the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Up till now, in many countries, early detection of malnutrition is carried out by specific, majorly blood-based tests in specialized laboratories by trained personnel. This review expatiates on diagnostic trends towards early detection of micronutrient malnutrition highlighting the significant role of Engineering in this cause. Focusing on the children within the 1000-day critical window, suggestions on modalities for continual tracking required to prevent malnutrition using biosensors are also advanced in this review.
Highlights
Nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, starting from conception up to 2 years of age, has a major influence on the quality of health throughout the life of an individual
This review expatiates on diagnostic trends towards early detection of micronutrient malnutrition highlighting the significant role of Engineering in this cause
This study revealed a nutritional imbalance in the children with excess consumption of macronutrients and insufficient intake of micronutrients
Summary
Nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, starting from conception up to 2 years of age, has a major influence on the quality of health throughout the life of an individual. It represents a critical period, where the essential building blocks for brain development, healthy growth and a strong immune system are rapidly formed [1]–[4]. Malnutrition is the largest single contributor to diseases in the world, according to the UN's Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) [5]–[8]. The following are key benefits of right nutrition to children within this 1000-day window [6], [8]: results in the healthy development of a child’s brain and fuels growth
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