Abstract
Lignin-based carbon fibres heat treated at 1500 and 2000°C have been characterised by high-angle X-ray diffraction together with high-resolution electron microscopy. The 1500°C material reveals a poorly developed lattice structure together with a few more perfectly ordered inclusions. After treatment at 2000°C a wide range of basic textures are developed together with a variety of continuous and discontinuous inclusions of a highly graphitic nature. Graphitization processes for these inclusions are discussed in terms of a mechanism which will be enhanced by the catalytic effects of impurities in the precursor. A reasonable comparison can be made between values of the parameters L c and L a as estimated from lattice-resolved electron micrographs, and as evaluated from the {002} and {10} diffraction profiles.
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