Abstract

Public health is “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society.” [1] The health system should be thought of as a broad construct that includes the political and institutional framework of each country. More formally, the healthcare system is “the ensemble of all public and private organizations, institutions and resources mandated to improve or restore health. Health systems encompass both personal and population services, as well as activities to influence the policies and actions of other sectors to address the social, environmental and economic determinants of health.” [2] Although in some developing nations the public health and healthcare delivery systems are difficult to differentiate, in most countries the public health and healthcare delivery systems are distinct. Yet, what happens is one affects the other. For the purposes of this chapter, public health encompasses the activities described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its essential Public Health Services Framework (Table 1).

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