Abstract
Field evaporation of a dilute alloy can be discussed in terms of the heats of solution or adsorption of the solute species and the appropriate ionisation potentials. Evaporation fields calculated for solute species can be used to predict whether the solute is preferentially retained or evaporated in the lattice. Because of their high ionisation potentials non-metallic impurities tend to be preferentially retained and may evaporate as molecular ions. Field etching may be treated as a special case of evaporation as a molecular ion in which evaporation occurs before the heat of adsorption is dissipated in the lattice. Under some conditions calculations predict preferential field etching of non-metallic impurities.
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