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Abstract
BackgroundSparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) have multiple pharmacological activities. Fermentation characteristics of SCPs and its effects on the intestinal microbes in mice remain inconclusive.ResultsIn this study, SCPs were fermented by the human feces and used to administer the Kunming mice to explore the fermentation characteristics of SCPs in the intestinal tract and the effects on the intestinal microbes in mice. Results from in vitro experiments revealed that SCPs were utilized by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The specific monosaccharide composition of SCPs determines which SCFAs are produced. Furthermore, the colon index and villi length of the SCPs-treated mice were significantly higher compared with the control group. In addition, SCPs exhibited beneficial effect on the relative abundance and diversity of dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract, such as increasing Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and up-regulating SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Oscillibacter. SCPs increased the abundance of genes in carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism.ConclusionOur results indicate SCPs can improve the physiological indices of the colon in mice, which is likely to be associated with the increase in the relative abundance and diversity of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs level produced by intestinal microbiota.Graphic abstract
Highlights
Intestinal microecosystems, composed of intestinal microbiota and the environment in which they live, are one of the most important and complex human microecosystems
In vitro experiments Effects of S. crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) on biochemical indexes of fermentation broth The results showed that the fermentation broth had an initial pH value of 6.53 and OD600 value of 0.21
We have shown here that polysaccharides are fermented into monosaccharides by intestinal microbiota, which differs from the glycoside bonds that are broken down only in the digestive tract [34], and the glucose and mannose were the primary monosaccharides utilized by intestinal microorganisms during the fermentation of SCPs in vitro
Summary
Intestinal microecosystems, composed of intestinal microbiota and the environment in which they live, are one of the most important and complex human microecosystems. Intestinal microbiota plays an important physiological role in host immunity and metabolism and is affected by internal and external environmental factors [1]. (2021) 8:27 depletion induced by high glucose plus palmitic acid in HepG2 cells [4]. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside modified the gut microbiota composition, and strengthened the intestinal barrier integrity [8]. Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) have multiple pharmacological activities. Fermentation charac‐ teristics of SCPs and its effects on the intestinal microbes in mice remain inconclusive
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