The Female Positivity Effect in the Perception of Others

Abstract

We posit a female positivity effect in the perception of others. Using social-role theory, we argue that female perceivers will view others more positively than will male perceivers. In Study 1, a Social Relations Model analysis was undertaken on 10 data sets containing mixed-gender interpersonal perception ratings of the Big Five factors. Results revealed that there is a remarkably consistent, albeit modest, trend indicating that women assign more positive trait ratings to others than men for all of the Big Five factors at all levels of acquaintance. Study 2 replicated the gender difference, controlled for target gender, and explored possible moderators and mediators of this effect. Consistent with social-role theory, there is an indication that sex-role stereotypes mediate the effect.