Abstract
In this paper the design of the free-electron laser (FEL) in the SXL (Soft X-ray Laser) project at the MAX IV Laboratory is presented. The target performance parameters originate in a science case put forward by Swedish users and the SXL FEL is foreseen to be driven by the existing MAX IV 3 GeV linac. The SXL project is planned to be realized in different stages and in this paper the focus is on Phase 1, where the basic operation mode for the FEL will be SASE (self-amplified spontaneous emission), with an emphasis on short pulses. Simulation results for two linac bunches (high and low charge) with different pulse duration are illustrated, as well as the performance for two-color/two-pulses mode and power enhancement through tapering. Besides standard SASE and optical klystron configurations, the FEL setup is also tailored to allow for advanced seeding schemes operations. Finally possible upgrades that will be implemented in a second phase of the project are discussed.
Highlights
In 2016 a workshop was held in Stockholm gathering both Swedish and foreign scientists to discuss the case of a Swedish free-electron laser (FEL) project (Nilsson, 2016), called SXL (Soft X-ray Laser)
There is a partial overlap in photon energy with the SASE3 beamline at European XFEL (Saldin et al, 2009; Liu et al, 2019), and FLASH (Beye & Klumpp, 2020) and FERMI (Fabris et al, 2016) have upgrade plans that are targeting the same range while SXFEL (Zhao et al, 2017) in Shanghai is slightly shifted towards longer wavelengths
In this paper we present the design of a soft X-ray FEL
Summary
In 2016 a workshop was held in Stockholm gathering both Swedish and foreign scientists to discuss the case of a Swedish free-electron laser (FEL) project (Nilsson, 2016), called SXL (Soft X-ray Laser). The outcome of the workshop was a broad interest for a medium-size FEL targeting the 1–5 nm ($ 0.25–1.2 keV) range and built immediately on the existing 3 GeV MAX IV linear accelerator, especially regarding the accelerator already in operation and the emerging experiences with its Short-Pulse Facility (SPF) and its first beamline, the FemtoMAX (Enquist et al, 2018). The common leitmotiv of the various experiments in the science case is the availability of a wide range of pump sources already embedded in the SXL design. The SXL will come in two phases, where the first phase will satisfy the bulk of the user requirements in SASE mode with full polarization control, two-pulse/two-color operation, enhanced power through tapering and short pulses below 10 fs.
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