Abstract
The determination of the exterior orientation parameters is an essential pre-requisite in the photogrammetry. In classical photogrammetry this task is solved indirectly by aerial triangulation. The attempt of the reduction or elimination of the ground control points in block adjustment has never been ceased. Because there are abundant parallel lines in the aerial images over the urban areas, according to the theory of vanishing points, the block adjustment combined with the vertical line constraints has been proposed in this paper. The experimental results shows that the block adjustment with vertical lines are more accurate than the block adjustment with control points only, and more accurate than the direct geo-position of GPS/IMU data.
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