The Feasibility of Ibrexafungerp for the Treatment of Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies.

Abstract

Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematological patients, especially those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite relatively high incidence, diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge due to non-specific manifestation and limited antifungal armamentarium. A first-in-class triterpenoid antifungal ibrexafungerp that acts by inhibiting the glucan synthase enzyme in the fungal cell wall was recently approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections. Preclinical data show activity against numerous fungi species, including azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. Preliminary data from ongoing phase 3 studies in IFD have been encouraging, but the role of ibrexafungerp in hematological patients who develop fungal infections has not yet been described. Herein, we discuss the feasibility of oral ibrexafungerp-based antifungal therapy for adult patients with hematological malignancies who have either undergone HSCT or received treatment with a novel targeted therapy agent. We present four clinical cases where ibrexafungerp alone or in combination with other antifungal agents was successfully employed for the management of refractory fungal infection. We describe real-life experiences showing the potential clinical implementation of ibrexafungerp for patients with hematological malignancies for the first time, and provoke future discussion.