Abstract
BackgroundMen of African descent have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PrCa) worldwide. Notably, PrCa is increasing in Africa with Nigerian men being mostly affected. Thus, it is important to understand risk factors for PrCa in Nigeria and build capacity for cancer research. The goals of this study were to determine the feasibility of conducting an epidemiological study of PrCa and to obtain preliminary data on risk factors for PrCa in Nigeria.MethodsA case–control study (50 cases/50 controls) was conducted at the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria, between October 2011 and December 2012. Men aged 40 to 80 years were approached for the study and asked to provide informed consent and complete the research protocol. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between demographic, social and lifestyle characteristics and risk of PrCa.ResultsThe participation rate among cases and controls was 98% and 93%, respectively. All participants completed a questionnaire and 99% (50 cases/49 controls) provided blood samples. Cases had a median serum diagnostic PSA of 73 ng/ml, and 38% had a Gleason score 8–10 tumor. Family history of PrCa was associated with a 4.9-fold increased risk of PrCa (95% CI 1.0 - 24.8). There were statistically significant inverse associations between PrCa and height, weight and waist circumference, but there was no association with body mass index (kg/m2). There were no associations between other socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and PrCa risk.ConclusionThis feasibility study demonstrated the ability to ascertain and recruit participants at UCH and collect epidemiological, clinical and biospecimen data. Our results highlighted the advanced clinical characteristics of PrCa in Nigerian men, and that family history of PrCa and some anthropometric factors were associated with PrCa risk in this population. However, larger studies are needed to better understand the epidemiological risk factors of PrCa in Nigeria.
Highlights
Men of African descent have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PrCa) worldwide
Epidemiologic studies indicate that higher intake of foods rich in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, lycopene, β-carotene, selenium and cruciferous vegetables are inversely associated with PrCa risk, whereas consumption of foods that may increase oxidative stress, including saturated fats and red meat is associated with increased risk [13,16,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]
A first-degree family history of PrCa was associated with a 4.9-fold increased risk of PrCa (95%confidence intervals (CI) 1.0 - 24.8)
Summary
Men of African descent have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PrCa) worldwide. Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries [1,2,3]. This cancer has a complex, multi-factorial etiology and both genetic and environmental/lifestyle factors contribute to its development [4]. The large international variation in PrCa incidence and mortality rates could partly be due to differences in age distribution, access to health care, and screening services, cultural and other factors including genetic susceptibility, and rapid changes in diet and lifestyle factors, in developing countries, may contribute to this disparity [31,32,33]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
