The fatty acid composition of phospholipids and glycolipids in Jimpy mouse brain.

Abstract

Abstract— Phospholipids and sphingolipids from brains of normal and Jimpy mice were isolated in a pure form by thin‐layer chromatographic procedures. The fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids, i.e. ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, serine glycerophospholipids, choline glycerophospholipids and inositol glycerophospholipids, as well as sphingomyelin, cerebrosides and sulphatides was determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. A specific fatty acid pattern for each of the four glycerophospholipids was found. The fatty acid composition of inositol glycerophospholipid, which has not previously been studied in mouse brain, was characterized by a high concentration of arachidonic acid. After 16 days of age, fatty acid analysis showed definite differences between the phospholipids from normal and mutant brains. A small increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids in glycerophospholipids of ethanolamine, serine and choline from the Jimpy central nervous system was found, which has been explained by the myelin deficiency. Sphingomyelin, cerebrosides and sulphatide analyses showed a wide distribution of saturated and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids in both normal and mutant mice. A reduction in the amount of long‐chain fatty acids was demonstrated in mutant brain sphingolipids; in sulphatides and cerebrosides, the amount of non‐hydroxy fatty acids was reduced to a greater extent than in sphingomyelin.The distribution of fatty acids in sphingolipids from the myelin and microsomal fractions was also investigated in both types of mice. Cerebrosides were characterized by a high content of long‐chain fatty acids in myelin as well as in microsomes. Sulphatides and sphingomyelin, on the other hand, showed a higher content of medium‐chain fatty acids in microsomes than in myelin. In the mutant brain, the amount of long‐chain fatty acids was reduced in both subcellular fractions. The deviation from normal in the pattern of fatty acid distribution in Jimpy brain is discussed in relation to the current concepts of glycolipid biosynthesis.