Abstract
Appropriate fertilization practice is crucial to achieve maximum wheat grain yield with minimum nitrogen (N) loss. A field 15N micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application methods [split application (SA) and band application (BA)] and N rates (60, 150 and 240 kg ha−1) on the wheat grain yield, urea-15N fate and N efficiency in Jiangyan County, China. At high N rates, wheat grain yield was significantly higher for SA than BA treatment, but there was no difference at the lower N rates. Plant N derived from fertilizer was higher in SA than in BA treatment. The high N fertilizer application increased total N uptake by wheat derived from fertilizer, but wheat plant N derived from soil was not affected by the N rate. Fertilizer-N recovery in SA treatment was higher than in BA treatment. Residual N recovery in the 0–80 cm soil layer was 31–51%, which decreased with increasing N rate. The highest N loss was found for BA treatment at the N application of 240 kg ha−1. The one-time BA of N fertilizer, especially for higher N rates, led to reduced wheat grain yield and N efficiency, and increased the N loss.
Highlights
harvest index (HI) 0.45ab 0.46ab 0.46ab 0.47a 0.47a 0.43b 0.47a even decrease with high rates of N fertilizer[25]
Our results showed that the 15N recovery in wheat was higher in SA than in BA treatment when higher N rates (N 150 and N rate of 240 kg ha−1 (N 240)) were applied, but there was no difference for N rate was 60 kg ha−1 (N 60)
Under the field conditions of the present study, SA of N fertilizer was a better fertilization practice for winter wheat compared to one-time BA
Summary
HI 0.45ab 0.46ab 0.46ab 0.47a 0.47a 0.43b 0.47a even decrease with high rates of N fertilizer[25]. Some researchers have found that the NUE of wheat decreases with increased N application rate[26,27]. The N application rate should meet but not exceed crop demand, which is crucial to achieve maximum yield with minimum N loss[28]. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fertilization practice and rate of N fertilizer on wheat yield, fate of urea-15N and N efficiency in a sandy soil in southeast China. We hypothesized that one-time band application of N fertilizer would increase the grain yield and NUE of winter wheat, and decrease N loss
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