Abstract
The Aral Sea is a unique natural object. Its formation in its present territory took place 2-2.5 million years ago, thanks to the two Central Asian rivers—the Amu-Darya and the Syr-Darya. The history of four Central Asian nationalities—the Uzbeks, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, and Turkmens—has been associated with the Aral since ancient times. The region around the Aral Sea [Priaral'e] is the cradle from which an ancient stage of these nationalities developed. It was here, in what was then the Khorezm oasis, that their ancestors created an ancient civilization notable for its high culture. This is testified to by the large city [gorodishche] of Koi kyrylgan kala ([fourth century B.C.-]fourth century A.D.), which had an observatory, the most ancient one in our country.a
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