The falling risk and physical fitness in older people

Abstract

Aims of this study was to analyze the correlation between the falling risk and their physical fitness, determining the top parameters affecting the falling risk, and preparing an evaluation procedure for the medical department working on this issue for the old people in retirement homes. This study includes 60 persons whose mean age was 73.3 ± 6.6 years. Their demographic characteristics, cognitive function, their balance, falling risk and their physical fitness level have been evaluated. A survey has been done to determine their demographic features. The cognitive function was determined using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test; for falling risk the Berg balance test (BBT) and balance by standing on one foot test were used, and the physical fitness was determined by senior fitness test (SFT). While the BBT correlation between chair stand, arm curl and 2-min step test are positive; but the correlation between BBT and ‘8-foot up-and-go test’ were negative. However, there was no correlation between the BBT and chair sit-and-reach test, back scratch test ( p > 0.05). Due to the results of logistic regression models in order to find out the variations affecting the falling risk most, it has been showed that ‘8-foot up-and-go test’ was reliable. Additionally the subjects probability performing the ‘8-foot up-and-go’ before 8.14 s was OR = 11 (95% confidence interval = 95%CI = 2.25–53.84) times more with maximum 56 points in BBT. We have shown that the falling risk increases with declining of upper and lower extremity muscle strength, aerobic endurance, agility and dynamic balance performance. Agility and dynamic balance performance were mostly relevant with falling risk. We concluded that the old persons’ falling risk and physical fitness level should be evaluated in some intervals. According to their falling risks and physical fitness level, the rehabilitation programs should be programmed to decrease their falling risk, and to increase lower and upper extremity muscle strength, aerobic endurance and especially their agility and dynamic balance performance.