Abstract
Abstract Previous experimental results on the reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere at near-vertical incidence have been extended to include the case of waves incident obliquely. It is shown that the radio diffraction pattern formed at the ground by a medium frequency wave reflected at oblique incidence is very much larger than expected and is, on the average, roughly circular. It is concluded that the ionospheric irregularities responsible for the fading have much greater extent in the horizontal than in the vertical plane. It is found, in general, that the speed of fading of a wave of frequency | is proportional to | cos i, where i is the angle of incidence on the ionosphere, and that the probability distribution of amplitude tends to be log normal rather than of the type discussed by Rice (1947).
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