The Factors Associated with Parkinsons Disease and the Current Treatment on PD

Abstract

Parkinsons disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disease that occur in 1% of people in their sixth and subsequent decades. The classical of PD symptoms include of tremors, bradykinesia, muscle stiffness, and loss of balance, and are associated by the reduced function of degenerative neurons and intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins. The exact causation of PD is unknown, with environmental and genetic factors showing relation to PD. Genetic mutations and environmental toxicants, such as pesticides, are related with an elevated incidence of PD, according to epidemiologic research. Several investigations carried in animal models confirmed this association. Currently no treatment can retard or halt the disease progression, including the most commonly used therapy which is the replenishment of striatal dopamine through oral administration. This do alleviate most of the symptoms, but it also introduces several side effects including dyskinesias. At present, gene therapy is not used in the treatment of PD; rather, it is only employed in disease trials. The non-disease modifying treatments have been showing encouraging results while the disease modifying treatments hold a greater potential.