The face of Dental Sleep Medicine in the 21st century.

Ghizlane Aarab,Takafumi Kato,Frank Lobbezoo,Gilles J. Lavigne,Fernanda R. de Almeida

doi:10.1111/joor.13075

Abstract

It becomes increasingly clear that some sleep disorders have important diagnostic and/or management links to the dental domain, hence the emergence of the discipline ‘Dental Sleep Medicine’. In this review, the following topics are discussed: 1. the reciprocal associations between oro‐facial pain and sleep; 2. the associations between sleep bruxism and other sleep‐related disorders; 3. the role of the dentist in the assessment and management of sleep bruxism; and 4. the dental management of obstructive sleep apnoea. From these topics' descriptions, it becomes clear that the role of the dentist in the recognition and management of sleep‐related oro‐facial pain, sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnoea is large and important. Since many dental sleep disorders can have severe consequences for the individual's general health and well‐being, it is imperative that dentists are not only willing to take on that role, but are also able to do so. This requires more attention for Dental Sleep Medicine in the dental curricula worldwide, as well as better postgraduate training of dentists who are interested in specialising in this intriguing domain. This review contributes to increasing the dental researcher's, teacher's and care professional's insight into the discipline ‘Dental Sleep Medicine’ as it has taken shape in the 21st century, to the benefit of all patients suffering from dental sleep disorders.

Highlights

We spend a significant proportion of our lives sleeping
Even though the level of evidence is still rather ‘lean’ for the suggested management approaches, applying them in everyday dental practice will promote the professional collaboration between dentists and medical doctors specialising in sleep medicine
We should recognise that most risk factors for SB56 are known as risk factors for sleep disturbance and sleep disorders in sleep medicine as well.[34]

Summary

| INTRODUCTION

We spend a significant proportion of our lives sleeping. some of us suffer from sleep disorders, which can affect quality of life considerably. | 1580 to dentists were described, namely sleep-related oro-facial pain, oro-facial movement disorders, breathing disorders, oral moistening disorders and gastro-oesophageal reflux, all of which require the attention of dentists.[2] In the present review, which is based on a symposium entitled ‘Wake-up call: Dental Sleep Medicine is here to stay!’, held on June 20, 2019, during the IADR/AADR/CADR General Session & Exhibition, Vancouver, BC, Canada, the reciprocal associations between oro-facial pain and sleep will be discussed first. Arousals are characterised by 3-10 seconds increases in, amongst others: heart rate; autonomic nervous system, brain and muscle activities; and body temperature Their main function is to preserve sleep stability or to trigger a full awakening that can be associated with a fight or flight survival reaction.[3]. Such pre-diagnostic changes in the trajectory of sleep quality support the fact that many patients with TM pain present sleep disorders, such as insomnia, respiratory effort-related arousal or sleep.[14,15,16] TM pain patients tend to present more mood alteration, such as depression symptomatology, or sleep and/or awake bruxism as compared to healthy controls.[17,18,19]

| Conclusion

Findings

| CONCLUDING REMARKS