Abstract
In this study, a chitosan substrate was modified by simulated body fluid (SBF) treatment, in which the effect of the chosen crosslinking agent was investigated. Two crosslinking agents, glutaraldehyde (GA) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), were used before the SBF process. By using TPP as the crosslinking agent, the Ca/P ratio and the degree of crystallinity were very close to the natural bone matrix. On the contrary, the substrate properties were very different from natural bone when the crosslinking agent GA was used. The results indicate that the produced substrates were more biomimetic when the TPP was applied. On the SBF-modified chitosan substrates with TPP crosslinking, the cultured osteoblastic cells expressed better proliferation, mitochondria activity and differentiation ability. The chitosan crosslinked using TPP was a good template in the SBF process, which resulted in a highly biomimetic layer. This biomimetic substrate possesses excellent biocompatibility and osteoconduction ability, promising high potential in the promotion of bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Bone tissue engineering, a technique to create new bone tissue from cultured osteoblastic cells, has been considered as a potential solution to the problem of bone loss
The Ca/P ratio of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in human bones is 1.67 [23,24] and very close to 1.7, which indicates that the properties of deposited ion‐substituted carbonateapatite would be similar to the bone ECM. These results prove that the simulated body fluid (SBF)-deposited surface layer is more biomimetic when TPP is used as the crosslinker
The results prove that with TPP crosslinking, chitosan could serve as a template for the formation of ion-substituted carbonateapatite crystals in the SBF process
Summary
A technique to create new bone tissue from cultured osteoblastic cells, has been considered as a potential solution to the problem of bone loss. Scaffolds or substrates, serving as transplanting vehicles for cultured cells and templates to guide tissue. The most abundant organic substances in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [4]. Except for these organics, natural bone, having considerable contents of mineral components which give bone its hardness, is mainly a form of calcium phosphate. It is reasonable to infer that the biomimetic modifications procured by the combination of these substances from the ECM can increase the osteoconduction effect of substances for bone tissue engineering
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