Abstract
The extragalactic background radiation (EBR) provides a unique window on a variety of fundamental topics in cosmology, astrophysics, and particle physics. These topics include the origin of the universe, the formation of structure and the evolution of galaxies, the formation of stars and the production of metals, gas and dust, and the properties of (exotic) elementary particles. Opening this window is, however, an exceedingly difficult task in almost all observable wavebands, as it requires the absolute measurement of the intensity of a presumably isotropic radiation field — one of the most challenging measurements in astronomy. A determination of the extragalactic background intensity involves a complete elimination of all instrumental background in addition to accounting for the emission from point sources and extended foreground emission, in particular Galactic diffuse emission.
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